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St Kilda National Nature Reserve
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Lying 41 miles we the st of North Uist, St Kilda is home to the largest colony of seabirds in northern Europe, including a quarter of the world’s population of northern gannets.
The majestic scenery above water is mirrored by cliffs, caves and reefs plunging into the far depths of the ocean. All teem with carpets of anemones, sponges and other life. This, and the extraordinary clarity of the water, has made St Kilda renowned as one of the foremost dive sites in Europe.
St Kilda is no less famous for its human history. A fragile community clung on for at least 4,000 years in this most remote of places. It’s almost unimaginable how the islanders existed in this harsh environment, catching gannets, fulmars and puffins for food, feathers and oil, and farming some meagre crops. A remarkable throwback to the earliest beginnings, the Soay sheep has been preserved on the island almost unchanged in 4,000 years and is one of the most primitive breeds in the world.
The village on the main island of Hirta was laid out in the 1830s and consists of a crescent of houses with cultivated plots. These were typical Hebridean single-roomed blackhouses, which the occupants shared with their cattle in winter.
From the mid-19th century the St Kildans began to lose their self-sufficiency, relying more on imports of food, fuel and building materials, and on revenue from tourists. But as contact with the outside world increased, so too did the islanders’ dissatisfaction with the realities of life on St Kilda. Finally, on 29 August 1930, the remaining 36 islanders were evacuated to the mainland.
In addition to its National Nature Reserve status, St Kilda has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument, a National Scenic Area, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, Scotland’s first natural World Heritage Site, European Community Special Protection Area, and a marine World Heritage Site.
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